The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.